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Manx English, or Anglo-Manx, is the historic dialect of English spoken on the Isle of Man, though today in decline. It has many borrowings from the original Manx language, a Goidelic language, and it differs widely from any other English, including other Celtic-derived dialects such as Welsh English and Hiberno-English. Early strata of Anglo-Manx contain much of Gaelic and Norse origin, but more recent Anglo-Manx displays heavy influence from Liverpool and Lancashire in North West England. A.W. Moore noted that the dialect varied to some slight extent from parish to parish and from individual to individual, but in the main the same turns of phrase and the same foundational stock of words pervaded the whole Island. The best known recorder of the Anglo-Manx dialect was the poet T.E. Brown. Following him, many poems and plays were written in Anglo-Manx at around the turn of the Twentieth Century, notably by Cushag, J. J. Kneen and Christopher R. Shimmin. More recently, Kathleen Faragher wrote a number of Anglo-Manx poetry books in the 1950s and 60s. The published work of all these writers featured footnotes to explain much of the dialect terms. In recent years, the Anglo-Manx dialect has almost disappeared in the face of increasing immigration and cultural influence from the United Kingdom. Sources such as A.W. Moore's ''A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect'' (Oxford University Press, 1924) and W.W. Gill's ''Manx Dialect Words and Phrases'' (J.W. Arrowsmith, 1934) document the dialect in the last stages before its decline from common use – few of the words noted are still in common parlance today. Moore's work notes the specific patterns of pronunciation for words in the dialect, many of which are no longer present in the last vestiges of the Manx dialect because of the influence of mainstream English. ==Modern Anglo-Manx lexicon== Some of the following terms surviving from the original Anglo-Manx dialect are still in occasional use today. The task of identifying dialectical usage is complicated by the large cross-over between Manx Gaelic, idiomatic usage and technical/organisational terms such as "advocate" and "deemster". *Across – The United Kingdom; referred to as ''across the water''. *At – In possession of (from Gaelic usage). ''He's got a nice house at him'' (from Gaelic description of possession) *Aye – Yes〔 *Boy – Common address from one male to another, originally an unmarried male (from Gaelic usage).''Hey,Boy!'' is a common greeting between young men.〔 *Bumbee – Bumblebees (which were thought to be bad fairies).〔 *Coalie – A coalfish, (specifically P. Virens). *Comeover – A non-native person living in the Isle of Man.〔 *Down is used for going North, Up for going South, out for going West. The topology of the Isle of Man means that to go to the flat, glacial plains of the North of the island, one has to go down, whilst going South means climbing the slate uplands. This is in contrast to the English ''Up North'', which new residents are more used to. *Fairy Flower – Red Campion, ''Silene dioica''. (from Gaelic ''blaa ny ferrishyn'', "the fairies' flower")〔 *Feller/Fella – A man/mate (fellow), common to other dialects, but much more frequent in Anglo-Manx. *For – towards, to; at the period of; wherefore, the reason why; in order to. ''Are you for goin'?'' (From Gaelic usage, erson).〔 *Gilpin – Young fish of indeterminate species, especially Callig.〔 *Herrin – Herring〔 *Himself – The master of the house, the husband. ''Is himself in?'' (from Gaelic usage; direct translation of ''eh hene'', "himself", emphatic "he").〔 *In – In existence. ''The best that's in'' (from Gaelic usage; direct translation of ''oan in it'', ''there (is)'').〔 *Jinny Nettle – the stinging nettle, ''Urtica dioica''.〔 *Lhergy – a hill-slope, or high wasteland. ''Goin' down the lhergy'' means ''going downhill in life''. (from Gaelic ''Lhiargee'' or ''Lhiargagh'' meaning "slope")〔 *Little People – Fairies, supernatural beings. (from Gaelic usage; direct translation of ''Deiney Beggey'' or ''Mooinjer Veggey'', "fairies" or "little people")〔 *Mann – the Isle of Man; e.g., ''Gaut made it, and all in Mann''〔 *Manx and Manks – Pertaining to, or originating from the Isle of Man.〔 *Manxie – A Manx person or a Manx cat.〔 *Mark – A fishing-ground distinguished by landmarks.〔 *Middlin' – Tolerable, an equivalent of the Manx, ''castreycair''.〔 *Neck – impudence; e.g., ''Oh, the neck of him!''.〔 *Skeet – News, gossip, and also to take a look (take a skeet) at something. Direct usage of Manx word "skeet" or "steet". *Scutch – A quantity of something; e.g., ''There were a scutch of people there''. (from Gaelic ''cooid'', "selection", "amount", "number")〔 *Snigs – Young eels, or sand-eels.〔 *Themselves – Fairies, supernatural beings.〔 *Twenty Four – The House of Keys. *Yessir – Recorded by A.W. Moore in 1924 as a "disrespectful form of addressing a boy or man", is used as an informal address to a local acquaintance in modern Anglo-Manx. Early 20th-Century sources suggest that its origin may lie in a contraction of ''You, Sir'', but Gaelic scholars have suggested that it is a hangover from ''Ussey'', the emphatic form of ''You'' in Manx Gaelic, which is used in a similar context. Not congruous with ''Yes, Sir'' in mainstream English.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manx English」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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